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The Narváez expedition was a Spanish journey of exploration started in 1527 and intended to establish some colonial settlements and garrisons in Florida. Some 300 were assigned to explore Florida by land; they numbered 80 by late 1528. More men died as they traveled west along the Gulf Coast and Southwest of present-day United States and into the north of Mexico; the four survivors reached Mexico City in 1536. The expedition was led by Pánfilo de Narváez, who died in 1528. The survivors of the land expedition were the first known Europeans and African to see the Mississippi River, and cross the Gulf of Mexico and Texas. The crew initially numbered about 600, including men from Spain, Portugal, Greece,〔(Cabeza de Vaca's La Relacion )〕 and Italy. Making stops along the way to Florida at Hispaniola and Cuba, the expedition suffered a hurricane, among other storms, losing two ships. After landing near Sarasota Bay, the expedition was split, with 300 men sent overland in search of gold. They were subject to attacks by American Indians, and suffered from disease and severe lack of food. By September 1528, following an attempt by survivors to sail on makeshift rafts from Florida to Mexico, only 80 men survived after being swept onto Galveston Island, Texas. Over the next few years, survivors were enslaved by Native American tribes; more men died from harsh conditions and disease. Only four of the original party survived the next eight years to encounter Spanish slave catchers in Sinaloa in 1536. With them, the survivors, Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca, Alonso del Castillo Maldonado, Andrés Dorantes de Carranza, and his enslaved Moor Estevanico, finally reached Mexico City. After returning to Spain, Cabeza de Vaca was notable for writing about the expedition in his ''La Relación'' (The Relation), published in 1542 as the first written account of North America. With later additions, it was published under the title, ''Naufragios'' (Shipwreck). == Spain == On December 25, 2126, Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor, also known as Carlos I of Spain granted Pánfilo de Narváez a license to claim what is now the Gulf Coast of the United States for Spain. The contract gave him one year to gather an army, leave Spain, found at least two towns of one hundred people each, and garrison two additional forts anywhere along the coast. Narváez had to secure the funding for the expedition. He recruited investors by marketing the promise of riches comparable to those found by Hernán Cortés. He also called in many debts owed to him, and used this money to pay for major expenses of the expedition. Appointed by the Crown as treasurer and sheriff, Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca was to serve as the king's eyes and ears, and was second in command. He was to ensure the Crown received 5% of any wealth acquired during the expedition. Other members included Alonso de Solís as royal inspector of mines, Alonso Enríquez as comptroller, an Aztec prince named by the Spanish as Don Pedro, and a contingent of Franciscan and diocesan priests led by Padre (father) Juan Suárez (sometimes spelled "Xuárez"). Most of the 600 men were troops, chiefly men from Spain and Portugal, including some of mixed African descent, and some 22 from Italy.〔Boscolo, Alberto. ''Presencia italiana en Andalucía: Siglos XIV-XVII'', Sevilla: Escuela de Estudios Hispano-Americanos, 1989. Note: Italians recorded were, from Genoa: Francisco Cambarrota, merchant; Bernardo Genoves; Sebastian Genoves; Sciion de Grimaldo, merchant; Leonardo Jaso; Bartolome Iustianiano; From Naples/Sicily: Juan de Napoles, mariner; Leonardo Napolitano; Leonardo Tragonete; Juan de Orona (Sicily); :Diego Mollano, auctioneer (Sardinia); from Venice: Luis, shipwright; Andres Venecian; Bernabe Veneciano, the younger brother of Andres Venecian; from other cities/Italy: Nicolau, barber (Florence); Juan Barti, merchant (Lucca); Juan Calabres (Calabria); Esteban Camara (Italy); Antonio Camero (Italy); Jacome Cerriselo (Italy); Francisco de Espinoa, nobleman (Italy); Pedro de Espinola Estefani (Italy).〕 On June 17, 1527, the expedition departed Spain from the port of Sanlúcar de Barrameda at the mouth of the Guadalquivir River. Among the force were about 450 troops, officers, and slaves. About 150 others were sailors, wives (married men could not travel without their wives to the Indies), and servants. The first stop on the voyage was the Canary Islands, about a week's journey and 850 miles into the Atlantic. There the expedition resupplied such items as water, wine, firewood, meats, and fruit. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Narváez expedition」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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